The Battle for the San José Shipwreck: Treasure, History, and Heritage
The San José shipwreck, hailed as one of the most valuable in history, was sunk by the British over 300 years ago off Colombia’s coast, carrying a fortune in gold, silver, and emeralds. Despite its discovery, debates over ownership rage on, with claims from Colombia, Spain, indigenous groups, and a US salvage company. The case has reached The Hague, with arguments over the wreck’s commercial versus historical value. Archaeologists advocate leaving it undisturbed as a tribute to the 600 lives lost when it sank.
The Colombian government wishes to raise the wreck and house it in a museum, emphasising its cultural significance. In contrast, treasure hunters point to its commercial value, which could be as high as $18bn. However, indigenous groups from Bolivia and Peru claim the treasure rightfully belongs to them, as it was extracted from their lands during Spanish colonisation. Samuel Flores, representing the Qhara Qhara people, argues, “This cargo belongs to our people… They owe us that debt.”
Videos released by the Colombian government reveal the submerged galleon, encrusted with marine life, with bronze cannons and shimmering gold coins scattered across the ocean floor. Despite the intrigue, many archaeologists like Carla Rahn Phillips and Juan Guillermo Martín contend that the wreck should remain on the seabed. They argue that it serves as a maritime graveyard and valuable historical site, where artefacts hold more significance in their original context than on display in museums.
Maritime disputes over sunken treasures like the San José are not uncommon. The United Nations’ UNESCO Underwater Cultural Heritage Convention attempts to protect shipwrecks, but key nations, including Colombia and the United States, have yet to sign it. Legal battles continue, with international law offering no clear answers.
EyeOnLondon is deeply invested in preserving and promoting the rich history and heritage of London and beyond. As a multimedia platform, it seeks to highlight cultural and historical narratives that resonate with its audience, offering insights into significant events, artefacts, and legacies that shape communities today. By covering stories like the San José shipwreck, EyeOnLondon supports discussions on historical preservation, the ethical treatment of artefacts, and the importance of heritage in understanding our past.
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